/ˈpōtnt/
adjective
having great power, influence, or effect.
A CLI for running (idem)potent shell scripts across directories.
Your script runs line-by-line in each directory. If it fails, subsequent runs of the script will pick up with the first command that hasn't run successfully yet.
example.plan.json
├── ✅ aardvark
│ ├── ✅ git-status
│ ├── ✅ switch-branch
│ ├── ✅ git-commit
│ └── ✅ git-push
├── ❌ badger
│ ├── ❌ git-status
│ ├── ⌛ switch-branch
│ ├── ⌛ git-commit
│ └── ⌛ git-push
└── ❌ camel
├── ✅ git-status
├── ❌ switch-branch
├── ⌛ git-commit
└── ⌛ git-push
potent is still under active development. It's ready for basic use, but not in production-critical systems.
On the road to v1.0.0, expect breaking schema changes, new Operations, small behavior changes, and general stability/productionalization improvements.
Before we reach 1.0.0, there may be breaking changes in any release; see the CHANGELOG for more details.
Potent is available on PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/potent/. It's installed as a CLI using one of these tools:
uv:
uv tool install potent
brew install xavdid/projects/potent
pipx:
pipx install potent
A bash script is stored as a Plan file. They're standard JSON with the extension .plan.json.
Plans have three main sections:
- a list of directories in which the Plan will run
- a list of Operations to perform in those directories
- an optional key-value store mapped to each directory
Plan files must conform to The Schema so that the invalid operations are surfaced early and loudly.
Potent support both absolute directories (/Users/somename/path/to/dir) and directories with a leading ~ (~/path/to/dir). In both cases, the directory must exist on the filesystem.
Plans are just JSON, so you can write them by hand or generate them using other programs.
If you'd like in-editor hints, you can tell VSCode (or any other editor that supports JSON Schema) that *.plan.json files must conform to the schema by first adding the following to your VSCode settings:
{
"json.schemas": [
{
"fileMatch": ["*.plan.json"],
"url": "<output of `potent schema url`>"
}
]
}Specifying the schema will help with autocomplete and flag potential errors during manual authoring.
Template plans are special plan variant that creates a non-template copy when run instead of modifying the original. A new copy is created each calendar day. They're useful for plans you want to run periodically but are still idempotent within a daily window. For example, running git pull on a bunch of directories.
Because the copy is run & modified instead of the original, template plans are great for sharing plans between teammates.
Template plans are declared just like normal ones, but have config.mode == "template":
{
"config": {
"mode": "template"
},
"version": "v1",
"operations": [
{
"slug": "git-status"
}
],
"directories": [
"~/projects/potent-demo/aardvark",
"~/projects/potent-demo/badger"
]
}The most recent 15 copies of a given plan are kept. Older ones are auto-pruned after each potent run.
Copies of a template live in XDG_CONFIG_HOME/potent/template-runs/ and include both the calendar date and an escaped version of the the path to the template, like ~/.config/potent/template-runs/2026-10-18_|Users|david|.config|potent|templates|example.plan.json.
Warning
Template executions are idempotent based the calendar date of your local machine. As a result, running a template at 11:59pm and running it again at 12:01am will cause the plan to start from scratch.
To avoid this, run the created copy directly for runs after the first (e.g. potent run ~/.config/potent/template-runs/2026-10-18_|Users|<...>|example.plan.json).
Most CLI commands accept a plan as their main argument. You can pass either a path to a plan file (like ~/Desktop/my-plan.plan.json) or a simple string. In the latter case, potent will look in its config directory for a plan with the corresponding name. For example, potent run my-script tries to run the plan at ~/.config/potent/templates/my-script.plan.json.
The config directory respects the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable.
Each Operation is identified by its unique slug field. Each of the Operations below describes a single bash command with well-defined (and validated) arguments. If you need more flexibility, check out the raw command Operation.
Any operation config that takes a string can also accept a variable value. These can be any string and are wrapped in double curly braces, like {{ example }} (whitespace optional).
At runtime, values are replaced with the corresponding entry from the plan's data property, if present. Missing values will fail the operation at runtime. For example, running:
{
"operations": [
{
"slug": "git-switch",
"config": {
"branch": "feature-{{ name }}"
}
}
],
"directories": [
"~/projects/potent-demo/aardvark",
"~/projects/potent-demo/badger"
],
"data": {
"~/projects/potent-demo/aardvark": {
"name": "bruce"
}
}
}would produce git switch feature-bruce in aardvark and a runtime error in badger.
Some operations can populate the data property at runtime, or you can hand write those values when creating your plan.
| Slug | Requires Config? |
|---|---|
assert-branch |
✅ Reqiured |
change-pr-status |
☑️ Optional |
create-pr |
✅ Reqiured |
git-add |
☑️ Optional |
git-commit |
✅ Reqiured |
git-pull |
∅ None |
git-push |
∅ None |
git-status |
∅ None |
git-switch |
✅ Reqiured |
manual-confirmation |
☑️ Optional |
raw-command |
✅ Reqiured |
set-automerge |
☑️ Optional |
Fails if the current git branch doesn't match the configured one. Useful for ensuring a plan is always run against the intended branch. Helpful if you've been working in a directory and want to be sure a plan only runs against a specific branch.
Note
This operation will be executed on every run, not just until it succeeds.
Slug: assert-branch
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
branch |
str |
branch name |
Change the readiness status of a PR. Moves it from draft -> "ready to review" by default, but can also move it back to draft.
Important
Requires the gh CLI to be installed.
Slug: change-pr-status
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
to_status |
"ready" | "draft" |
Whether to mark the PR as ready or move it back to draft. | "ready" |
Creates a pull request using the gh CLI.
Important
Requires the gh CLI to be installed.
Slug: create-pr
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
title |
str |
The title of the PR. | |
body_text |
Optional[str] |
A string that will be used as the body of the PR. Exactly one of body_text or body_file is required. |
None |
body_file |
Optional[str] |
The absolute path to a readable file containing the full body of the PR. Exactly one of body_text or body_file is required. |
None |
draft |
bool |
Whether to open the PR in draft mode. | False |
base_branch |
Optional[str] |
The branch that you want to merge your changes into. Defaults to the repo's default branch. | None |
Stages files in git.
Slug: git-add
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
all |
bool |
If true, add stage files. Exactly one of all or pattern must be specified. |
False |
pattern |
str |
The file(s) to stage. Is processed as a Python glob. Exactly one of all or pattern must be specified. |
"" |
Commits staged files in git.
Slug: git-commit
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
message |
str |
Commit message, submitted as is. | |
allow_empty |
bool |
If true, allows commits without changed/added files. | False |
Pull from the remote repository.
Slug: git-pull
Push to the remote repository.
Slug: git-push
Ensures that you have a clean working directory. If there are any modified or un-staged files, this step fails.
Slug: git-status
Switches the local git branch. Can optionally create it if it's missing.
Slug: git-switch
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
branch |
str |
branch name | |
create_if_missing |
bool |
If true, tries creating the branch if switching to it fails | False |
A step that always fails. To advance your plan, manually edit the plan file so each directory succeeds.
Useful for putting pauses into a multi-phase plan.
Slug: manual-confirmation
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
reason |
Optional[str] |
User-facing reason for the pause | None |
Runs a shell command. The step succeeds if the command exits 0 and fails otherwise. Useful for operations that potent doesn't support natively.
Slug: raw-command
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
arguments |
list[str] |
The arguments that will be passed into Python's subprocess.run() | |
name |
Optional[str] |
A name used to disambiguate this step in summaries. Useful if you have many raw-commands. |
None |
write_output_to_key |
Optional[str] |
If specified, save a trimmed copy of the output to the data property under this key. Will save all output, so only use when output is short. |
None |
Sets (or un-sets) auto-merge for the PR corresponding to the current branch.
Important
Requires the gh CLI to be installed.
Slug: set-automerge
| name | type | description | default (if optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
enable |
bool |
Whether to set (or unset) auto-merge. | True |
mode |
"merge" | "squash" |
Sets the merge strategy for the PR. | "squash" |
Commands for interacting with the config file
It includes the following subcommands:
init
Create an empty config file at the correct path.
Print basic info about the plan, including the directories on which it acts and the steps involved.
path(FILE, required): The location of a.plan.jsonfile. Can be a full path or a name. If a name, the named file must exist in the configured command directory.
Commands to interact with auto-documentation.
It includes the following subcommands:
generate
Generate markdown docs for all installed operations. If you're developing a plugin, running this in that directory will only show the operations your plugin contributes.
into_file(pathlib.Path | None, optional): If present, generate docs between the start and end markers in this file. Otherwise, prints to stdout.
Create an empty plan at the specified path. If the path resolves to the config directory, then it defaults to command mode. Otherwise, the default of plan is used.
path(Path, required): The location in which to to create a blank plan file. Can be a full path or a name. If a name, the named file must not exist in the configured command directory.
List all available plans (both global commands and plans in this directory).
Reset the progress on a plan file so it can be run again from scratch.
path(FILE, required): The location of a.plan.jsonfile. Can be a full path or a name. If a name, the named file must exist in the configured command directory.
Execute a plan file and then print its status.
path(FILE, required): The location of a.plan.jsonfile. Can be a full path or a name. If a name, the named file must exist in the configured command directory.display_mode(display-mode, optional): Controls how the results are displayed.
Commands to programmatically access the plan schema.
It includes the following subcommands:
urldump
Print the versioned url of Potent's JSON schema. Useful for getting in-editor completions or performing external validations.
Dump the current schema to stdout. While the versioned url is simpler to use, the dumped schema will include any plugins you have installed, making it more complete & accurate for your use case.
Print the current state of a plan file, including the progress through each directory.
path(FILE, required): The location of a.plan.jsonfile. Can be a full path or a name. If a name, the named file must exist in the configured command directory.display_mode(display-mode, optional): Controls how the results are displayed.
All CLI flags can be read from an via environment variable or a dedicated configuration file. They are parsed & merged with the following precedence, stopping at the first one found:
- CLI flags
- environment variables
- config file
- default value
Set flags using an environment variable key that combines, potent, the command, and the flag name, separated by underscores. For instance, the display-mode flag for potent run can be set using POTENT_RUN_DISPLAY_MODE=... potent run.
Potent reads the potent.toml file from XDG_CONFIG_HOME/potent/potent.toml, defaulting to ~/.config/potent/potent.toml if XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set.
Inside the toml file, each top-level table is a command name. The keys & values under that correspond to specific flags.
For instance, the display-mode flag for potent run can be stored as:
# ~/.config/potent/potent.toml
[run]
display-mode = 'compact'The tool has a few ways to show data as scripts are running. Here are the features each mode sets:
| mode | panels shown | summary de-duplicated |
|---|---|---|
quiet |
only errors | yes |
standard (default) |
all, skipped steps grouped | yes |
verbose |
all | no |
3rd party packages can contribute additional Operations to your potent plans. Potent will automatically detect valid plugins that are installed alongside it:
uv tool install potent --with potent-exampleThen, write your plan as normal. The slugs from 3rd-party Operations will start with the plugin name and a period:
If you use the in-editor validation described above, you'll need to generate your schema instead of using the public one. Do do that:
# after installing a plugin
potent schema dump > my-schema.jsonAnd then point VSCode to that file:
{
"json.schemas": [
{
"fileMatch": ["*.plan.json"],
"url": "./my-schema.json"
}
]
}Tip
There's a repo template to get you started: https://github.com/xavdid/potent-plugin-template
Your plugin should supply a list of classes that inherit from BaseOperation. You expose this via the [project.entry-points.potent] key in your pyproject.toml. Underneath should be a key & object reference pointing to your list:
[project.entry-points.potent]
operations = 'potent_plugin:operations'Each operation inherits from the built-in BaseOperation class. The base class provides a number of utility functions and ensures all operations follow a predictable interface. There are a few fields you must define:
- the
slug. A literal that uniquely identifies your operation. It should start with your package name, followed by a., likepotent-example.something. - the
runmethod. It must accept apotent.Contextargument (see: context) and must return anOperationResult.
Additionally, you should define:
- The
summarymethod, to disambiguate between multiple instances of this operation in a plan. This is strongly recommended if your operation takes a config object. - A docstring under your class, which can be picked up by documentation generators.
Lastly, you may define:
- A nested
OpConfigclass, which provides validated input to your operation. If present, it must be declared under theconfigkey. It's accessible inside therunmethod asself.config. - A set of strings, declared as
ignored_fields_for_compare: ClassVar[set[str]] = set([...]), to note which (if any) properties should be ignored when comparing twoOperations orOpConfigs. These are used in divergence calculations for template plans. You should only add field names to this set that have no runtime implications (for example, thenamefield on raw-command, which is just used in summarization).
Here's an example that uses all the properties:
from typing import ClassVar, Literal, override
from potent import BaseConfig, BaseOperation, Context, OperationResult
class EchoOp(BaseOperation):
# 4
"""
An example operation that echoes user-defined text.
"""
# 5
class OpConfig(BaseConfig):
text: str
"""
the text to echo
"""
name: str
"""
Used to differentiate between multiple instances of this operation
"""
# 6
ignored_fields_for_compare: ClassVar[set[str]] = {"name"}
# 1
slug: Literal["potent-plugin-example.echo"] = "potent-plugin-example.echo"
# 5
config: OpConfig
# 2
@override
def run(self, context: Context) -> OperationResult:
cmd = ["echo", self.config.text]
return context.exec_cmd(cmd)
# 3
@property
@override
def summary(self) -> str:
return f"echo ({self.config.name})"Each invocation of the run method is passed a Context object with properties and helpers useful for implementing an operation.
directory: Path- the directory in which the operation is being run
exec_cmd(cmd: list[str]) -> OperationResult- a high-level helper for shelling out and running commands. Wraps a call to
exec_raw_cmdand handlesOperationResultconstruction under the hood. Most operations will only need this method. Empty strings are dropped from thecmdlist.
- a high-level helper for shelling out and running commands. Wraps a call to
exec_raw_cmd(cmd: list[str]) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]- a lower-level function that wraps
subprocess.runwith some good defaults, returning the raw result. Callers are responsible for constructing and returning theOperationResultthemselves. Empty strings are dropped from thecmdlist.
- a lower-level function that wraps
read_data(key: str) -> int | str | bool- Read a key, returning its value. Raises
DataReadExceptionif the value isn't present indata.
- Read a key, returning its value. Raises
write_data(key: str, value: int | str | bool) -> None- Write a key a key to storage. Writes will still get saved if the step fails (as long as
write_datais called before any exceptions are thrown)
- Write a key a key to storage. Writes will still get saved if the step fails (as long as
Each operation must report its result. There are 2 required properties:
success: bool, whether the command should be considered successfuloutput: str, shown to the user. In general, this should be the result of the underlying shell command. But, for some operations (like a cleangit status) it can make sense to provide information when the underlying command doesn't.
There's also an optional cmd argument, which shows the user exactly what command was run for the step. This is useful if you have a lot of config properties and you want to be explicit about the final shape of the command.
Consider using the static OperationResult.from_process(result: subprocess.CompletedProcess[str], cmd: Optional[list[str]] = None) constructor, which extracts data from the CompletedProcess for you.
always_rerun: ClassVar[bool]- if
True, the check is re-run on every plan run instead of just once. Useful for assertions. Defaults toFalse.
- if
The error you get when you have an invalid plan file can take a little getting used to. But don't panic! It's actually pretty easy to read.
The most common error you'll get is an invalid slug. It looks like:
ValidationError: 1 validation error for Plan
operations.0
Input tag 'bad-slug' found using 'slug' does not match any of the expected tags: 'git-pull',
'switch-branch', 'git-status', 'git-add', 'git-commit', 'git-push', 'create-pr',
'enable-automerge', 'raw-command' [type=union_tag_invalid, input_value={'comment': None,
'direct...', 'allow_empty': True}, input_type=dict]
For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.11/v/union_tag_invalid
The lines tell you:
- what failed to validate
- its json path (in this case,
operations.0, the first element of thestepsarray) - the expected values (which the input doesn't match)
The next most common is missing a required key, which follows a similar pattern:
ValidationError: 1 validation error for Plan
operations.0.git-commit.config.message
Field required [type=missing, input_value={'allow_empty': True}, input_type=dict]
For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.11/v/missing
Line 2 is now even more descriptive: operations[0].config.message is an error of type=missing. More simply, a required key isn't there.
The last common error is an extra key:
operations.0.git-commit.config.bad_key
Extra inputs are not permitted [type=extra_forbidden, input_value=True, input_type=bool]
For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.11/v/extra_forbidden
Only expected keys are allowed, and bad_key is not expected.
Let's say we've got 3 repos, aardvark, badger, and camel. In each one, we want to:
- ensure we have a clean working directory before proceeding
- switch to the demo branch
- create an empty commit
- push that branch
We can create a plan for that operation, demo.plan.json:
{
"version": "v1",
"operations": [
{
"slug": "git-status"
},
{
"slug": "switch-branch",
"config": {
"branch": "demo"
}
},
{
"slug": "git-commit",
"config": {
"message": "a cool demo commit",
"allow_empty": true
}
},
{
"slug": "git-push"
}
],
"directories": ["/potent-demo/a", "/potent-demo/b", "/potent-demo/c"]
}Let's make sure it parses correctly:
% potent summarize demo.plan.json
/Users/david/projects/potent/example.plan.json
├── ⌛ aardvark
│ ├── ⌛ git-status
│ ├── ⌛ switch-branch
│ ├── ⌛ git-commit
│ └── ⌛ git-push
├── ⌛ badger
│ └── same steps as above
└── ⌛ camel
└── same steps as above
Looks good! Let's give it a run:
% potent run demo.plan.json
Running /Users/david/projects/potent/example.plan.json
────────────────────────────── 📂 aardvark 📂 ──────────────────────────────
╭─ step: git-status ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git status --porcelain │
│ │
│ Working directory clean! │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: switch-branch ────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git switch demo │
│ │
│ Switched to branch 'demo' │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: git-commit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git commit -m "a cool demo commit" --allow-empty │
│ │
│ [demo ef51deb] a cool demo commit │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: git-push ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git push │
│ │
│ To github.com:xavdid/potent-demo.git │
│ 879eaae..ef51deb demo -> demo │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
─────────────────────────────── 📂 badger 📂 ───────────────────────────────
╭─ step: git-status ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git status --porcelain │
│ │
│ fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git │
│ │
╰─ result: Failed ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
─────────────────────────────── 📂 camel 📂 ────────────────────────────────
╭─ step: git-status ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git status --porcelain │
│ │
│ Working directory clean! │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: switch-branch ────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git switch demo │
│ │
│ fatal: invalid reference: demo │
│ │
╰─ result: Failed ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
───────────────────────────────── Summary ──────────────────────────────────
example.plan.json
├── ✅ aardvark
│ ├── ✅ git-status
│ ├── ✅ switch-branch
│ ├── ✅ git-commit
│ └── ✅ git-push
├── ❌ badger
│ ├── ❌ git-status
│ ├── ⌛ switch-branch
│ ├── ⌛ git-commit
│ └── ⌛ git-push
└── ❌ camel
├── ✅ git-status
├── ❌ switch-branch
├── ⌛ git-commit
└── ⌛ git-push
Oh no! Everything went great in aardvark, but it looks like I forgot to initialize the repo in badger and camel doesn't have the demo branch.
I'll run git init in badger and git checkout -b demo in camel to get us back on track. Let's run the script again:
Running /Users/david/projects/potent/example.plan.json
────────────────────────────── 📂 aardvark 📂 ──────────────────────────────
☑️ already finished
─────────────────────────────── 📂 badger 📂 ───────────────────────────────
╭─ step: git-status ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git status --porcelain │
│ │
│ Working directory clean! │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: switch-branch ────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git switch demo │
│ │
│ fatal: invalid reference: demo │
│ │
╰─ result: Failed ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
─────────────────────────────── 📂 camel 📂 ────────────────────────────────
╭─ step: git-status ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ Already completed │
│ │
╰─ result: skipped ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: switch-branch ────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git switch demo │
│ │
│ Already on 'demo' │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: git-commit ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git commit -m "a cool demo commit" --allow-empty │
│ │
│ a cool demo commit │
│ │
╰─ result: Succeeded ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ step: git-push ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ │
│ >>> git push │
│ │
│ fatal: No configured push destination. │
│ Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote │
│ repository using │
│ │
│ git remote add <name> <url> │
│ │
│ and then push using the remote name │
│ │
│ git push <name> │
│ │
╰─ result: Failed ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
───────────────────────────────── Summary ──────────────────────────────────
example.plan.json
├── ☑️ aardvark
├── ❌ badger
│ ├── ✅ git-status
│ ├── ❌ switch-branch
│ ├── ⌛ git-commit
│ └── ⌛ git-push
└── ❌ camel
├── ☑️ git-status
├── ✅ switch-branch
├── ✅ git-commit
└── ❌ git-push
The ✅ marks show what steps we completed this run, while ☑️ denotes a step we completed on a previous run.
aardvark was skipped since it was already done. We made progress in badger and camel despite erroring out because we can't switch branches without commits and there's nothing to push to.
But, I could resume my script from the middle, skipping any completed operations. This is the power of potent!
{ // ... "operations": [ { "slug": "potent-example.echo", }, ], }